Author: bapath

Posted on

jhc2026v10i2s10


Original
PD-L1 Immunoexpression in Selected Cases of Lung Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh
*Khanam KF,¹ Ayeeda AS,2 Omar T,3 Bhuiyan MT,4 Khanam KA,5  Bhadra S,6Manik MM7

  1. *Dr. Kazi Farzana Khanam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University. kazifarzanabmu@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3496-7337
  2. Dr. Ayesha Sadia Ayeeda, Resident, Phase B, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University. Ayeeda.ayesha@gmail.com. ORCD: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6709-3582
  3. Dr. Tasnim Omar, Resident, Phase B, Dept. of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University. Tasnimomar46@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4947-3759
  4. Dr. Md Abdullah Tareq Bhuiyan, Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Nilphamari Medical College. bhuiyantareqk54@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2766-5296
  5. Dr. Kazi Arhamna Khanam, Resident, Phase B, Depertment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child and mother health, Dhaka. Arhamna.ilka100@gmail.com. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7264-0520
  6. Dr. Shima Bhadra, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Bangladesh Medical University. shimabhadra@gmail.com. ORCD:  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0367-4357
  7. Dr. Md Mohiuddin Manik, Resident, Phase B, Department of General Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University. manikroyal88@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2101-5905

*For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical assessment of PD-L1 expression has become an essential component in selecting patients for immunotherapy.
Objective: To evaluate PD-L1 immunoexpression in selected cases of lung carcinoma and determine its distribution among different histological subtypes.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, from 1 June 2025 to 10 June 2026. Thirty-five histopathologically confirmed cases of lung carcinoma in which PD-L1 immunohistochemistry using the PD-L1 (22C3) monoclonal antibody clone had been performed were included. PD-L1 expression was assessed by Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The age of the patients ranged from 40 to 83 years, with a mean age of 60.8 ± 10.9 years. Among the 35 cases, 24 (68.6%) were male and 11 (31.4%) were female. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (57.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (34.3%), NSCLC-NOS (5.7%), and adenosquamous carcinoma (2.9%). PD-L1 positivity was observed in 4 (11.4%) cases. Among the positive cases, three were adenocarcinoma and one was NSCLC-NOS. TPS values were 29%, 30%, and 50% in adenocarcinoma cases and 15% in the NSCLC-NOS case. One adenocarcinoma demonstrated high PD-L1 expression (TPS ≥50%).
Conclusion: PD-L1 expression was identified in a small proportion of selected lung carcinoma cases and was predominantly observed in adenocarcinoma. Routine PD-L1 testing may facilitate identification of patients who are likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jul; 10 (2):154-159]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.2.10
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Posted on

jhc2026v10i2s9


Original
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Analysis of 83 Cases
Alam MM,1 Dey BP,2 *Akhtaruzzaman M,3 Jahan I,4 Nahid MS,5 Rahman MZ6

  1. Dr. Md. Mahabub Alam, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka – 1209, mahabub.robin@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-6026
  2. Dr. Bishnu Pada Dey, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; drbishnu@bsmmu.edu.bd. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-3923
  3. *Dr. Md. Akhtaruzzaman, Clinical Pathologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; akter22nd@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9906-8909
  4. Dr. Israt Jahan, Pathologist, 300 bed hospital, Narayanganj-1400, Bangladesh; isratliza424@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4386-8526
  5. Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre (NILMRC), Dhaka-1207. shahrior.nahid@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9858-9753
  6. Professor Dr. Md. Zillur Rahman, Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, drzillur@bsmmu.edu.bd. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-1118.

*For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease associated with a poorer outcome when compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in TNBC patients has been associated with prognostic value, high PD-L1 expression has reported to predict worse outcomes. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been approved in the treatment of TNBC in recent times. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 in TNBC.
Method:  This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 83 cases of TNBC at the Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka at the period of 2021-2023. Demographic and pathological parameters (histologic type, Nottingham histologic grade, tumor stage etc.) were assessed. Immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was observed. Collected data were placed in a data sheet. Results were collected and tabulated. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data by chi-square test using SPSS 25.0.
Result:  PD-L1 expression was positive in 19.3% (16/83) of the cases. Among these 2.4% (2/83) cases were strongly positive. No expression was seen in 80.7% (67/83) of cases.
Conclusion: PD-L1 expression was observed in about one-fifth of the study samples. Therefore, immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent can be considered as treatment option in selected TNBC patients.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jul; 10 (2):146-153]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.2.9
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Posted on

jhc2026v10i2s8


Original
Vimentin Expression in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma NOS of Breast and its Association with Clinicopathological Characteristics
*Tahsin KN,1 Doly NJ,2 Rashid HO,3 Yeamin MA,4 Sultana S,5 Khan RR,6 Jeba R7

  1. Dr. Kazi Nafisa Tahsin, MD (Pathology), Medical Officer, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, kazinafisa29@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2549-7606
  2. Dr. Nusrat Jahan Doly, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Medical Officer, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, doctornusratjahan1990@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0440-0056
  3. Dr. Md. Abdullah Yeamin, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Jashore Medical College, Jashore, peyal4794@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9119-720X
  4. Dr. Harum Or Rashid, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sirajganj Medical College, Sirajganj, drharunorrashidjewel@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6229-8041
  5. Dr. Shahana Sultana, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Green life Medical College, Dhaka, shahanashova935@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6533-3947
  6. Dr. Rizwana Rahman Khan, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, drizwanasbmc@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9207-4063
  7. Dr. Ruksana Jeba, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, ruksanajeba67@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3025-7309

*For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Despite advances in therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The most common invasive subtype, often presents at advanced stages. Rapid progression and therapeutic resistance contribute to such poor outcomes. Vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is associated with aggressive tumor behavior, poor prognosis, and drug resistance, making it a potential prognostic and predictive marker for IDC.
Objectives: To evaluate vimentin expression in IDC-NOS of the breast and its association with clinicopathological features.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, from September 2022 to August 2024. Sixty histopathologically diagnosed IDC-NOS cases were examined. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues at AI Khan Lab Ltd., Dhaka. Associations with clinicopathological features were analyzed; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Vimentin expression was positive in 43.3% of cases. It was significantly higher in Grade 3 tumors (65.4%, p < 0.001) and in the triple-negative subtype (57.7%, p = 0.003). No significant association was observed with age, tumor size, stage, or lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion: Vimentin expression showed significant associations with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, particularly higher grade and TNBC subtype. These findings suggest that vimentin may serve as a useful supplementary prognostic marker to aid in risk stratification and management of breast cancer.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jul; 10 (2):136-145]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.2.8

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