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jhc2025v9i1s7

Original

Computed Tomography Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Mass Lesions of Lung: A Study of 56 Cases

*Wahed A,1 Islam N,2 Hossain MM,3 Nurunnabi M4

 

  1. *Dr. Abdul Wahed, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Tangail Medical College, Tangail 1900, Bangladesh. shouravsomc88@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6273-0145
  2. Nazmul Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Army Medical College Cumilla, Cumilla 3500, Bangladesh. nazmul47@gmail.com
  3. Mohammad Mosharaf Hossain, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Tangail Medical College, Tangail 1900, Bangladesh. mosharaf51@gmail.com
  4. Mohammad Nurunnabi, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Sylhet Women’s Medical College, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh. nur.somch@gmail.com

 

*For correspondence

Abstract

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) determines the type of tumour and affirms the diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT)-guided FNAC of suspicious lung masses is a widely employed, inexpensive diagnostic procedure.

Objective: To evaluate the age, sex, topographic distribution, size, and cytopathological diagnosis of lung mass lesions using CT-guided FNAC.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 56 individuals with pulmonary mass lesions, most of which were presumably caused by neoplastic disease, as evidenced by chest radiographs and CT scans. The study was conducted between June 2022 and June 2024.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 63.6±11.8 years, with more than half (51.8%) falling within the 46–65 age group. Lesions were more commonly found in the right lung (57.1%) compared to the left lung (42.9%). The upper lobe accounted for about two-thirds of the lesions (64.3%), while the middle lobe had the fewest (3.6%). Of all cases, 87.5% were malignant, and 12.5% were benign. The most common malignant lesions were squamous cell carcinoma (33.9%), adenocarcinoma (28.6%), and poorly differentiated carcinomas (21.4%). Small cell carcinoma was identified in 3.6% of cases. There was a statistically significant association between age group and type of malignancy (P<0.05), with the 46–65 age group showing a higher prevalence of malignant lesions (55.1%).

Conclusion: CT-guided FNAC is a highly effective and comparatively accurate diagnostic technique for pulmonary mass lesions, with a permissible complication risk.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jan; 9 (1):48-54]

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i1s7

 

Keywords: FNAC, CT-guided FNAC, pulmonary mass lesions, Tangail, Bangladesh.

 

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jhc2025v9i1s6

Original article

Expression of Ki-67 and AgNOR in Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumours

*Nahar A,1 Islam MN,2 Kabir E3

 

  1. *Dr. Asrafun Nahar, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207. dr.asrafunnahar@gmail.com.
  2. Md. Nasimul Islam, MBBS, M.Phil (Pathology), Professor, Department of Pathology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.
  3. Enamul Kabir, MBBS, M. Phil, M. Sc(Pathology), Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Popular Medical College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka

 

* For correspondence

Abstract

Background: Primary tumors in central Nervous System (CNS) include a large group of tumors. Ki-67 is usually used for determining proliferative activity, though it has some limitations. It is proved that the number or size of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) of DNA closely correlates with cellular proliferating activities.

Objective: This study was conducted to find the correlation of expression of Ki-67 and AgNOR with different grades of primary CNS tumours.

Method: In this cross sectional study a total 85 cases with wide age range (2-70 years) were included based on selection criteria. Tissue fixation, processing, staining (hematoxylin and eosin stain, and AgNOR special stain) and immunohistochemistry were done according to the standard protocol followed by the pathology department of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) and National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital (NINS), Dhaka.

Results: Ki-67 labeling index and mean AgNOR (mAgNOR) showed significant correlation with different grades of primary CNS tumours, as the grades increased both parameters were also increased. In intergrade comparisons, Ki-67 labeling index showed significant correlation among all the grades except between grade I & grade II and grade III & grade IV. Whereas, mean AgNOR showed significant difference among all the grades including the difference between grade I & II and grade III & IV. Positive significant correlation seen in between ki-67 Labeling Index (LI) and mean AgNOR, where the value of Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.514 and p value was 0.001

Conclusion: Both Ki-67 expression and mAgNOR score were increased with the increasing grade of tumours from low to high grade and positive correlation between these two parameters were also found.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jan; 9 (1):38-47]

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i1s6

 

Keywords: Primary CNS tumours, mAgNOR, Ki-67 labeling index

 

Posted on

jhc2025v9i1s5

Original Article

Determination of Mast Cell Density in Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder and its Relation with Grading and Invasiveness

 *Wahid SR,1 Asafudullah SM,2 Khatun MM,3 Momin NN,4 Shirin S5

 

  1. *Dr. Sadia Refat Wahid, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Curator, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. sadia403102@gmail.com
  2. S M Asafudullah, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor, Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi.
  3. Mst. Mahmuda Khatun, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi.
  4. Naznin Nahar Momin, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chittagong.
  5. Sadia Shirin, MBBS, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka

 

*For correspondence

Abstract

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) has a high incidence rate and related mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh which is increasing day by day. Mast cells (MCs) in UC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, immunomodulation, and most importantly with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis. Mast cell targeted strategies in cancer therapy showed success in many tumors. Our study was designed to determine mast cell density in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and to evaluate its relation with histologic grading and invasiveness.

 

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College from September 2019 to August 2021. A total of 51 case of urothelial carcinoma were included in this study. The continuous variable (age of patient) was expressed as frequency, percentage, mean±SD, and range. MCD were expressed as mean±SD and median. An unpaired t-test was done to see the differences of MCD of the patients according to grade and invasion.

Results: Most of the cases were found in between 61 to 70 years. Male to female ratio was found to be 2.4:1. Most frequent tumor location was a lateral wall of the urinary bladder (37.3%), 56.9% of cases were high grade & 43.1% were low-grade urothelial carcinoma. Muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) was found in 51.0% of patients and 49.0% of patients were found with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC).It was observed that with Toluidine blue staining mean mast cell density was 48.48 ± 18.66 in high-grade urothelial carcinoma and 18.86 ± 10.59 in low-grade urothelial carcinoma. So mast cell density (MCD) was increased with an increase in the grade of tumor. The mean (±SD) MCD of MIBC and NMIBC were 48.96 (±18.92) and 21.92 (±14.15) respectively. So mast cell densitywas observed to increase in muscle-invasive bladder tumors.  Determination of the relation of MCD in urothelial carcinoma with grade and invasiveness was done in this study. An unpaired t-test was done to measure the level of significance. The p-value is highly significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Mast cell density (MCD) positively correlates with invasion and grading of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jan; 9 (1):30-37]

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i1s5

Keywords: Urothelial  Carcinoma, Mast cell density, Toluidine blue staining