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jhc.2024.8.1.07

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Original Contribution

Cyclin D1 Expression in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on Small Biopsy Samples

1. *Dr. Abu Saeed Bin Hasem, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College. saeedbinhasem@gmail.com.
2. Professor (Dr.) Azizul Qadar Md. Abdul Hye, M. Phil (Pathology), Former-Head and Professor, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
3. Professor (Dr.) Shamim Akhter Mimi, M. Phil (Pathology), Head and Professor, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
4. Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Pabna Medical College, Pabna.
5. Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Resident Medical Officer, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207.
6. Dr. Umama-Tun-Nesa Emita, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna.
7. Dr. Sadia Afroz, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Medical Officer, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212.

* For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 oncogene plays a critical role in various malignancies by regulating the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to cisplatin-based conventional chemotherapy.

Objectives:To assess the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to determine the association of cyclin D1 expression with histopathological grades, age, gender, anatomic site, and the habit of using tobacco, betel quid and areca nut of OSCC patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the study period (from March, 2019 to April, 2020 and July, 2021 to April, 2022). A total of 52 small biopsy cases were processed; paraffin blocks were made and stained with routine H&E stain. The sections were examined microscopically and the tumors were graded histologically. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using a commercially available anti-cyclin D1 antibody. Cyclin D1 overexpression was considered when more than 10% of tumor cells displayed nuclear staining with moderate to strong intensity.
Results: Cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in 60% of cases of OSCC. The highest expression was seen in moderately differentiated followed by poorly differentiated and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with no statistically significant correlation. It did not correlate with age, gender, anatomic site, the habit of using tobacco, betel quid, and areca nut chewing.
Conclusion: In Bangladesh, 60% of cases of OSCC showed cyclin D1 overexpression which was quite similar to the findings of other countries. Further, alarge cohort study on resected samples can be done for overall survival and future targeted therapy against cyclin D1.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):49-55]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.07
Keywords: Cyclin D1, Expression, OSCC, Overexpression

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jhc.2024.8.1.06

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 volume 8 issue 1

Original Contribution

Association between Histomorphological Types of Hydatidiform Mole and the Expression of Ki67 Immunohistochemical Marker as well as β-hCG Level Status

1. *Dr. Sonia Hossain, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.
sondhisoniahossain69@gmail.com
2. Professor Roksana Jeba, Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.
3. Dr. Zubaida Bahroon Khan, MD (Pathology), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease which is sub-classified into complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Accurate subclassification of HM is very important as the development of choriocarcinoma and persistent trophoblastic diseases are more related to CHM than PHM. However, sometimes this subclassification is more challenging only based on histomorphological findings. Because there is considerable intraobserver and interobserver variability, histomorphological findings in conjunction with some complementary methods such as immunohistochemistry and biochemical markers could be helpful in the accurate interpretation of the HMs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Ki 67 immunostain along with the pretreatment β-hCG level and to identify their association with histomorphological types of hydatidiform mole.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College. The cases were classified into CHM and PHM based on histopathological features. Pretreatment β-hCG level noted and Ki 67 immunohistochemistry was done. The results of the cases were collected and tabulated. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data using Fisher Exact test, Chi-square test and Unpaired t-test.
Results: Out of 50 cases, based on histopathological criteria, 27(54.0%) cases were CHM and 23(46.0%) were PHM. After evaluating Ki67 immunohistochemical staining, among CHM, 23(85.2%) cases showed Ki67 score-3 and 4(14.8%) cases score-2. Out of 23 PHM, 22 (95.7%) cases showed Ki -67 score-2 and 1(4.3%) case showed score-3. These were statistically significant. On the other hand, among the CHM 22 (81.5%) had β-hCG level ≥100000 mIU/ml and 5 (18.5%) had <100000 mIU/ml. Among PHM 2 (8.7%) had β-hCG ≥ 100000 mIU/ml and 91.3% had β-hCG<100000 mIU/ml. It was also statistically significant.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of HM can be improved by Ki67 labeling index and evaluation of pretreatment β-hCG level, which will help in differentiating CHM from PHM. The correct diagnosis is crucial for future treatment and follow-up of the patients.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):41-48]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.06
Keywords:  Hydatidiform mole, Complete hydatidifrom mole, Partial hydatidiform mole, β-hCG, Ki67 Immunomarker

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jhc.2024.8.1.05

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology
January 2024 Volume 8 issue 1

Original Contribution

Evaluation of Pediatric Common Solid Small Round Cell Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Study

1. Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Resident Medical Officer, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre (NILMRC), Dhaka-1207. shahrior.nahid@gmail.com
2. Processor (Dr.) Ferdousy Begum, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor and Ex-Chairman, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000.
3. Professor (Dr.) Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinnah, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Professor of Pathology, Director, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207.
4. Dr. Umama-Tun-Nesa Emita, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Pathologist, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna.
5. Dr Md. Mahabub Alam, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor (Current Charge), Bashundhara Ad-din Medical College, Dhaka.
6. Dr. Arbin Siddiquea, MBBS, MD (Biochemistry), Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka-1207.
7. Dr. Tasmina Anam, MBBS, MPhil (Immunology), Medical Officer, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000.
⃰ For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Pediatric small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are diagnostically challenging lesions due to their primitive character.  With the rising incidence and having better treatment outcome as compared to the past, the categorization of SRCTs into definitive histological types is extremely important as individual tumor differs therapeutically and has separate prognostic significance. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can play an important role here.
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnoses of pediatric SRCTs.
Results: In this study, various histomorphological types of pediatric SRCTs were identified in about 97% of cases with the aid of immunohistochemical stains. However, about 3% of cases remain unclassified even after immunohistochemical tests. The different morphological patterns were as follows; 24.4% rhabdomyosarcoma, 22.2% lymphoblastic lymphoma, 22.2% neuroblastoma, 22.2% soft tissue Ewing sarcoma, 4.44% Wilms Tumor, and 1.48% poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma.
Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry plays an important role as is evident from the present study and supported by many previous studies in categorizing undifferentiated or poorly differentiated small round cell tumors of childhood.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):31-40]

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.05
Keywords: Small round cell tumors (SRCTs), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

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