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jhc.2024.8.1.08

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Original Contribution

Evaluation of PD-L1 Immunoexpression  in Resected Samples of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Study on 64 Cases

1. *Dr. Israt Jahan, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Chandpur Medical College, Chandpur, Bangladesh; isratliza424@gmail.com
2. Dr. Bishnu Pada Dey, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, BSMMU, drbishnu@bsmmu.edu.bd
3. Dr. Md. Akhtaruzzaman, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh; akter22nd@gmail.com
4. Dr. Kassim Hagi Hussain, Senior lecturer, Department of pathology, Jazeera University Medical College, Somalia; doctorqaasim@gmail.com
5. Dr. Mahabub Alam, Assisstant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bashundhara Ad-din Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; mahabub.robin@gmail.com
6. Dr. Md Zillur Rahman, Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;drzillur@bsmmu.edu.bd

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and its incidence is rising steadily in developing nations. The patient prognosis for CRC remains poor, despite advances in surgery and treatment. Additionally, there are currently no reliable prognostic approaches for CRC, despite the use of conventional prognostic factors. Immune checkpoints blockades (ICB) have emerged as a promising treatment strategy and have dramatically improved long-term survival in several malignances. The “PD-1 (programmed cell death-1)”/PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) axis plays an important role to control immune suppression by down-regulating T effector cell activities enable tumor cells to escape from the host’s anti-tumor immune surveillance. Aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 (28-8 clone) in resected samples of colorectal cancer.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. A total 64 cases were selected from the patients who were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma from resected samples received in the department of pathology at BSMMU from July 2021 to June 2023. Immuno-histochemical staining for PD-L1 was performed along with appropriate positive control.
Results: In this study PD-L1 immuno-expression was found in 14 (21.9%) out of 64 cases. However, no expression was found in rest of the 50 (78.1%) cases.
Conclusion: Evaluation of expression of PD-L1 may emerge as a new marker and target for the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):56-64]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.08
Keywords: CRC, ICB, PD-1, PD-L1, IRS.

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jhc.2024.8.1.07

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Original Contribution

Cyclin D1 Expression in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on Small Biopsy Samples

1. *Dr. Abu Saeed Bin Hasem, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College. saeedbinhasem@gmail.com.
2. Professor (Dr.) Azizul Qadar Md. Abdul Hye, M. Phil (Pathology), Former-Head and Professor, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
3. Professor (Dr.) Shamim Akhter Mimi, M. Phil (Pathology), Head and Professor, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
4. Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Pabna Medical College, Pabna.
5. Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Resident Medical Officer, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207.
6. Dr. Umama-Tun-Nesa Emita, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna.
7. Dr. Sadia Afroz, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Medical Officer, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212.

* For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 oncogene plays a critical role in various malignancies by regulating the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to cisplatin-based conventional chemotherapy.

Objectives:To assess the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to determine the association of cyclin D1 expression with histopathological grades, age, gender, anatomic site, and the habit of using tobacco, betel quid and areca nut of OSCC patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the study period (from March, 2019 to April, 2020 and July, 2021 to April, 2022). A total of 52 small biopsy cases were processed; paraffin blocks were made and stained with routine H&E stain. The sections were examined microscopically and the tumors were graded histologically. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using a commercially available anti-cyclin D1 antibody. Cyclin D1 overexpression was considered when more than 10% of tumor cells displayed nuclear staining with moderate to strong intensity.
Results: Cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in 60% of cases of OSCC. The highest expression was seen in moderately differentiated followed by poorly differentiated and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with no statistically significant correlation. It did not correlate with age, gender, anatomic site, the habit of using tobacco, betel quid, and areca nut chewing.
Conclusion: In Bangladesh, 60% of cases of OSCC showed cyclin D1 overexpression which was quite similar to the findings of other countries. Further, alarge cohort study on resected samples can be done for overall survival and future targeted therapy against cyclin D1.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):49-55]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.07
Keywords: Cyclin D1, Expression, OSCC, Overexpression

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jhc.2024.8.1.06

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 volume 8 issue 1

Original Contribution

Association between Histomorphological Types of Hydatidiform Mole and the Expression of Ki67 Immunohistochemical Marker as well as β-hCG Level Status

1. *Dr. Sonia Hossain, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.
sondhisoniahossain69@gmail.com
2. Professor Roksana Jeba, Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.
3. Dr. Zubaida Bahroon Khan, MD (Pathology), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease which is sub-classified into complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Accurate subclassification of HM is very important as the development of choriocarcinoma and persistent trophoblastic diseases are more related to CHM than PHM. However, sometimes this subclassification is more challenging only based on histomorphological findings. Because there is considerable intraobserver and interobserver variability, histomorphological findings in conjunction with some complementary methods such as immunohistochemistry and biochemical markers could be helpful in the accurate interpretation of the HMs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Ki 67 immunostain along with the pretreatment β-hCG level and to identify their association with histomorphological types of hydatidiform mole.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College. The cases were classified into CHM and PHM based on histopathological features. Pretreatment β-hCG level noted and Ki 67 immunohistochemistry was done. The results of the cases were collected and tabulated. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data using Fisher Exact test, Chi-square test and Unpaired t-test.
Results: Out of 50 cases, based on histopathological criteria, 27(54.0%) cases were CHM and 23(46.0%) were PHM. After evaluating Ki67 immunohistochemical staining, among CHM, 23(85.2%) cases showed Ki67 score-3 and 4(14.8%) cases score-2. Out of 23 PHM, 22 (95.7%) cases showed Ki -67 score-2 and 1(4.3%) case showed score-3. These were statistically significant. On the other hand, among the CHM 22 (81.5%) had β-hCG level ≥100000 mIU/ml and 5 (18.5%) had <100000 mIU/ml. Among PHM 2 (8.7%) had β-hCG ≥ 100000 mIU/ml and 91.3% had β-hCG<100000 mIU/ml. It was also statistically significant.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of HM can be improved by Ki67 labeling index and evaluation of pretreatment β-hCG level, which will help in differentiating CHM from PHM. The correct diagnosis is crucial for future treatment and follow-up of the patients.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):41-48]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.06
Keywords:  Hydatidiform mole, Complete hydatidifrom mole, Partial hydatidiform mole, β-hCG, Ki67 Immunomarker

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