Author: bapath

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jhc2025v9i2s3

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Organ of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 9, No 2, July 2025

Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues

 *Adhikary L,1 Saha N,2 Tabassom T,3 Jahan D,4 Hazari TJ,5   Jeba JT,6   Rahman MH7

 *Dr Lovely Adhikary, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor of Pathology, Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore, lovelymallick71@gmail.com

  1. Dr Nirjhar Saha, MD (Pathology), Clinical pathologist, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh
  2. Dr Tasnova Tabassom, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Netrokona Medical College, Netrakona
  3. Dilshad Jahan, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor of pathology, Barind Medical College, Rajshahi
  4. Tasnim Jahan Hazari, MD (Pathology), Clinical Pathologist, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Medical College Hospital, Gazipur
  5. Jannatut Tahera Jeba, MBBS, Lecturer, Anatomy, Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore
  6. Md. Hasan Hafijur Rahman, DLO, Assistant Professor (ENT), Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College, Jashore

     *For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the serious public health problems of developing countries. There is also global rise in the incidence of tuberculosis as well as in Bangladesh. The extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also common. Poverty, malnutrition, low socioeconomic condition, overcrowding and immunodeficiency are the common causes of tuberculosis in Bangladesh. This research was conducted to see the usefulness of conventional PCR in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis from paraffin-embedded tissues.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study where molecular detection of MTB DNA by targeting the gene IS6110 of MTB with the method of conventional PCR was done from paraffin embedded tissue samples. A total of 60 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that were histologically diagnosed from tissue samples on the basis of granulomatous inflammation in the proper clinical context were included in the study. Paraffin block of each case was subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining followed by conventional PCR examination. Results of all the cases were collected and tabulated in a data sheet. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data by Fisher’s exact test.
Results: Among 60 cases 37(61.66%) cases showed negative PCR examination whereas 23(38.33%) showed positive PCR examination. Among the PCR positive 23(38.33%) cases, 22(36.6%) cases histologically contained typical granuloma. In 1(1.7%) case granuloma was not found but caseous necrosis and Langhans’ giant cells were present and PCR examination was positive. Among the PCR positive 23(38.3%) cases, 22(36.6%) cases histologically contained typical caseous necrosis but in 1(1.7%) case caseous necrosis was not found but granuloma and Langhans’ giant cells were present and PCR examination was positive. In this study among 60 cases, Z-N stain was positive in 2 cases (3.3%) and negative in 58 cases (96.7%). Among the Z-N stain positive 2(3.3%) cases, PCR was positive in one case and in other case PCR examination was negative. Statistically significant association was not found with PCR examination results with granuloma (P-0.343) and caseous necrosis (p-0.675).
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that PCR can be considered as a diagnostic modality in the challenging cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis from FFPE tissue samples by demonstrating the presence of MTB specific DNA.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jul; 9 (2):78-88]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i2s3

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jhc2025v9i2s4

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Organ of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 9, No 2, July 2025

 

Evaluation of Epithelial Dysplasia and Invasion through the Basement Membrane in Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: A study on 45 cases

 *Akhtaruzzaman M,1 Dey BP,2 Abedin N,3 Banu SG4

  1. *Dr. Md. Akhtaruzzaman, Clinical Pathologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; akter22nd@gmail.com
  2. Bishnu Pada Dey, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; drbishnu@bsmmu.edu.bd
  3. Nafisa Abedin, Senior Clinical Pathologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dhaka. Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Email: nafisa.abedin@gmail.com
  4. Professor Dr. Sultana Gulshana Banu, Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; sgb.bsmmu@gmail.com

*For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Oral Verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a rare variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Epithelial dysplasia and/or foci of invasion in OVC are indicators of worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epithelial dysplasia and invasion through the basement membrane in OVC.
Method: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Pathology, BSMMU during 2021-2023 that included 45 cases of histologically diagnosed OVC. Demographic variables, presence or absence of epithelial dysplasia in routine H&E stain and presence or absence of invasion through the basement membrane by PAS stain were assessed. Thirty three cases were followed up and reports of the subsequent biopsies were collected. Research data were placed in a data sheet. Results of all cases were tabulated. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data by Fisher’s Exact Test.
Result:  In this study, 33.3% cases revealed epithelial dysplasia in OVC and 11.5% cases showed invasive foci through the BM. We followed up the study cases and 15.6% cases were diagnosed as invasive SCC in subsequent biopsy. Statistical analysis revealed presence of invasion through the BM significantly higher in OVC cases having epithelial dysplasia. Similarly, in subsequent biopsy ISCC was found significantly higher in previously diagnosed cases of OVC having features of epithelial dysplasia.
Conclusion: Epithelial dysplasia in OVC signifies the increased possibility of its progression to conventional invasive SCC and is an important prognostic factor. So, earlier detection of epithelial dysplasia and/or foci of invasion in OVC will help the clinician in properly managing the patient.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jul; 9 (2):89-96]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i2s4

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jhc2025v9i2s5

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Organ of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 9, No 2, July 2025

Role of WT1 Immunoexpression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

*Nupur FP,1 Jeba R,2 Khan ZB,3 Karim SS,4 Zabin SG,5 Khan RR,6 Dewan RK,7 Jinnah MS8

  1. *Dr. Farjana Pervin Nupur, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, pervin_farjana@yahoo.com
  2. Ruksana Jeba, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor and head, Department of pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka,ruksanajeba67@gmail.com
  3. Zubaida Bahroon Khan, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Associate professor, Department of pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, zubaida@gmail.com
  4. Saiyeda Sinthia Karim, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Associate professor, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral centre, Dhaka, sinthiakarim330@gmail.com
  5. Shirin Gull Zabin, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant professor, Department of pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, gullzabin23@gmail.com
  6. Rizwana Rahman Khan, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant professor, Department of pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, drizwanasbmc@gmail.com
  7. MD. Rezaul Karim Dewan, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor and head, Department of Pathology, Greenlife Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, rezadewan22@gmail.com
  8. Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinnah, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor and ex-director, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine & Referral Centre, Dhaka, shahed.jinnah63@gmail.com

* For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, with emerging relevance in various malignancies including colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). The aim of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of WT1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and determine its association with age, gender, histological type, grade, stage, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI).
Methods:This cross-sectional observational study included 97 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, selected using purposive sampling. The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, while WT1 mmunohistochemistry was performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka. The study duration was from March 2021 to February 2025. Qualitative data were expressed as frequency and percentage. The Chi- square and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the relation    between qualitative variables. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant.
Results:Among 97 cases, 55% showed low and 45% showed high WT1 expression. High WT1 expression was significantly associated with mucinous type (p=0.0214), poorly differentiated tumors (p=0.0012), and advanced pathological T (p=0.0007) and N stages (p=0.0003). No significant association was observed with age, gender, LVI, or PNI.
Conclusion: WT1 immunoexpression associates with aggressive histopathological features in colorectal adenocarcinoma, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic marker.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jul; 9 (2):97-104]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i2s5

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