Author: bapath

Posted on

jhc.2026.10.1.3

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Histomorphological Alterations of the Human Heart: An Autopsy-Based Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

Aktar M,1 Jeba R,2 Khatun J,3 Lubna NT,4 Nahar R,5 Ara J,6 *Badhan RE7

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease, the coronary heart disease, is the main cause of death in industrialized countries and is rising at an alarming rate in much of developing countries. Autopsy is an important complementary tool for identifying and understanding cardiac diseases, and it gives a conclusive opinion on the involved cardiac pathology. Therefore, this study was aimed at observing various histomorphological changes in autopsy specimens of the heart.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from March 2020 to February 2022. A total of 150 hearts from autopsy specimens were included in this study. The hearts were examined grossly and microscopically, and findings were recorded in a predesigned data sheet. Statistical analysis was carried out as required.
Results: Analysis revealed that, out of the total 150 cases, more than half of the cases, 94 (62.7%), had cardiovascular changes, while the remaining 56 (37.3%) cases showed no significant changes. Among the pathological findings, more than half the cases (55.3%) had coronary atherosclerosis, followed by aortic atherosclerosis in 19.3% of cases, myocardial infarction (MI) in 18.7% of cases, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 15.3% of cases, and cardiac mural thrombus in 2% of cases. Only 1 (0.7%) case of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis and only 1 (0.7%) case of tuberculous pericarditis were also found in this study, unlike other studies done in this subcontinent.
Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of the autopsied heart in medicolegal cases is essential to find out the pathological changes and cause of death as well. In this histomorphological study, the most common pathological finding was coronary atherosclerosis and which is the major underlying cause of ischemic heart diseases.  Histopathological studies provide accurate knowledge for a better understanding of human cardiovascular diseases. With better insight into pathophysiology, proper interventions could be introduced to improve care and future outcomes for patients undergoing cardiovascular diseases.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):17-26]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.3
Keywords: Histomorphology, Human heart, Autopsy-based study, Cardiac pathology, Myocardial changes

  1. Dr. Marufa Aktar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal marufaepu@gmail.com
  2. Professor Dr. Ruksana Jeba, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. ruksanajeba67@gmail.com
  3. Dr. Julekha Khatun, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka.
  4. Dr. Nur A Tasnim Lubna, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal
  5. Dr. Rejwana Nahar, Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, OSD, DGHS, Attached: Mugda Medical College, Dhaka.
  6. Dr. Jannat Ara, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal.
  7. *Dr. Raisa Enayet Badhan, Medical Officer, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. Email: raisabadhan@gmail.com

*For correspondence

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jhc.2026.10.1.2

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Expression of Cyclin D1 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and its Association with Staging
Lubna NT,1 Jeba R,2 Rana MS,3 Khan RR,4 Islam MM,5 Kabir E,6 *Badhan RE7

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is a major global health concern, ranking as the 5th most common malignancy and the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 783,000 deaths reported in 2018 (GLOBOCAN). Over 70% of gastric cancer cases occur in developing countries. Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulatory protein, is implicated in various oncogenic processes, including tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Its overexpression has potential utility in predicting tumor behavior and guiding individualized therapy. This study aimed to assess the expression of cyclin D1 in histologically diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma and its association with tumor stage.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, from March 2019 to February 2022. Fifty-one cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma were evaluated. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 were performed. Clinical and demographic data were recorded, and statistical analysis was done to determine associations.
Results: The mean age of patients was 57.67±12.49 years, with a male predominance (M: F = 2.4:1). Cyclin D1 expression was positive in 33 cases (64.7%). Of these, 76.5% were in T3 stage and 93.8% in N3 stage. Cyclin D1 positivity was more frequent in advanced tumor and nodal stages.
Conclusion: Cyclin D1 expression was significantly associated with higher tumor and nodal stages in gastric adenocarcinoma. Its overexpression may serve as a prognostic biomarker and aid in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):4-16]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.2
Keywords: Cyclin D1, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Tumor stage, Carcinoma progression

  1. Nur A Tasnim Lubna, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal. tasnim.sbmc@gmail.com
  2. Ruksana Jeba, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Ruksanajeba67@gmail.com
  3. Md. Samsul Arafin Rana, Registrar (Hepatology), Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal. rana.mmc44@gmail.com
  4. Rizwana Rahman Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka drizwanasbmc@gmail.com
  5. Mohammad Mazharul Islam, Lecturer, Department of Pathology Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, mazharscc21@gmail.com
  6. Evana Kabir, Specialist (Histopathology), Lab Medicine, United Hospital Limited Gulsan 2, Dhaka. evanakabir1990@gmail.com
  7. *Dr. Raisa Enayet Badhan, Medical officer, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. raisabadhan@gmail.com

*For correspondence

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