Category: Journal

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jhc2026v10i2s12

Case Report
Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma: Diagnostic Challenges in Frozen Section – A Case Report and Literature Review
*Anjum R,1 Hossain Bhuiyan MZ 2

  1. *Dr. Rahat Anjum, Associate Consultant, Histopathology & Cytopathology, Apollo Imperial Hospitals, Zakir Hossain Road, Chittagong. r.dr@gmail.com. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2233-6992
  2. Dr. Mohammad Zakir Hossain Bhuiyan, Associate Professor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7942-1420

*For correspondence
Abstract
Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) is a rare benign tumor of the lung that may histologically resemble malignant neoplasms, particularly during frozen section evaluation. We report a case of a 19-year-old female with an incidentally detected pulmonary nodule. Intraoperative frozen section examination raised suspicion of malignancy, leading to lobectomy. However, permanent histopathological evaluation revealed the characteristic dual cell population arranged in papillary, sclerotic, and hemorrhagic patterns. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of SP, demonstrating positivity for EMA and TTF-1 in both tumor cell types, while Napsin-A and cytokeratin were positive only in surface epithelial cells. The round stromal cells showed weak estrogen receptor expression, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was low. Recognition of the histological spectrum and immunophenotype of SP is essential to avoid misinterpretation and unnecessary extensive surgical procedures.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jul; 10 (2):163-169]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.2.12

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jhc2026v10i2s11

Case Report
Heterotopic Ossification of the Gallbladder Associated with Chronic Cholecystitis: A Case Report
*Anjum R,1 Hossain  GZ2

  1. *Dr. Rahat Anjum, Associate Consultant, Histopathology & Cytopathology, Apollo Imperial Hospitals, Zakir Hossain Road, Chittagong r.dr@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2233-6992
  2. Dr. GM Zakir Hossain, Professor, Department of Urology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. ORCID: https://orcid.org/ 0009-0004-5050-6058

*For correspondence
Abstract
Hetrotopic ossification  in the gall bladder is a rare condition, with  few reported cases. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, though chronic  inflammation may predispose to the condition. An  18 yr old girl underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to persistent upper quadrant pain, nausea and postprandial vomiting. Preoperative ultrasound revealed a polyp with features  of  cholecystitis. The post operative course was uneventful.  Histopathological examination showed fibromuscular hyperplasia, infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, including foamy histiocytes in the lamina propria. Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses were present. The polypoid area exhibited denuded epithelium, mature bone formation and marrow elements without evidence of metaplasia,  dysplasia or malignancy.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jul; 10 (2):160-162]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.2.11
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jhc2026v10i2s10


Original
PD-L1 Immunoexpression in Selected Cases of Lung Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh
*Khanam KF,¹ Ayeeda AS,2 Omar T,3 Bhuiyan MT,4 Khanam KA,5  Bhadra S,6Manik MM7

  1. *Dr. Kazi Farzana Khanam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University. kazifarzanabmu@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3496-7337
  2. Dr. Ayesha Sadia Ayeeda, Resident, Phase B, Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University. Ayeeda.ayesha@gmail.com. ORCD: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6709-3582
  3. Dr. Tasnim Omar, Resident, Phase B, Dept. of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University. Tasnimomar46@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4947-3759
  4. Dr. Md Abdullah Tareq Bhuiyan, Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Nilphamari Medical College. bhuiyantareqk54@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2766-5296
  5. Dr. Kazi Arhamna Khanam, Resident, Phase B, Depertment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child and mother health, Dhaka. Arhamna.ilka100@gmail.com. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7264-0520
  6. Dr. Shima Bhadra, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Bangladesh Medical University. shimabhadra@gmail.com. ORCD:  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0367-4357
  7. Dr. Md Mohiuddin Manik, Resident, Phase B, Department of General Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University. manikroyal88@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2101-5905

*For correspondence
Abstract
Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical assessment of PD-L1 expression has become an essential component in selecting patients for immunotherapy.
Objective: To evaluate PD-L1 immunoexpression in selected cases of lung carcinoma and determine its distribution among different histological subtypes.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Medical University, from 1 June 2025 to 10 June 2026. Thirty-five histopathologically confirmed cases of lung carcinoma in which PD-L1 immunohistochemistry using the PD-L1 (22C3) monoclonal antibody clone had been performed were included. PD-L1 expression was assessed by Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The age of the patients ranged from 40 to 83 years, with a mean age of 60.8 ± 10.9 years. Among the 35 cases, 24 (68.6%) were male and 11 (31.4%) were female. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (57.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (34.3%), NSCLC-NOS (5.7%), and adenosquamous carcinoma (2.9%). PD-L1 positivity was observed in 4 (11.4%) cases. Among the positive cases, three were adenocarcinoma and one was NSCLC-NOS. TPS values were 29%, 30%, and 50% in adenocarcinoma cases and 15% in the NSCLC-NOS case. One adenocarcinoma demonstrated high PD-L1 expression (TPS ≥50%).
Conclusion: PD-L1 expression was identified in a small proportion of selected lung carcinoma cases and was predominantly observed in adenocarcinoma. Routine PD-L1 testing may facilitate identification of patients who are likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jul; 10 (2):154-159]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.2.10
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