Tag: Immunohistochemistry

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jhc.2026.10.1.7

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Expression of p53 in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: Correlation with Tumor Grade and Muscle Invasion
Azim T,1 Jinnah MS,2 Aktar M,3 Ahmed M,4 *Badhan RE5

Abstract
Background: The p53 gene, a well-known tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17p13.1, plays a pivotal role in regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mutations or overexpression of p53 have been linked to tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma.
Aim: To evaluate p53 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and determine its relationship with histopathological grade and muscle invasion.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College between March 2020 and February 2022. Forty histopathologically diagnosed urothelial carcinoma cases from TURBT or cystectomy specimens were included. p53 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor grade and the presence of muscle invasion.
Results: The mean age was 60.85 ± 11.18 years (range 40–85), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.4:1. p53 was positive in 65% of all cases and in 92.3% of high-grade tumors, while most low-grade tumors were negative. Among high-grade, muscle-invasive cases, p53 positivity was observed in 93.3% of cases. The correlation between p53 overexpression and both tumor grade and muscle invasion was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: p53 expression is significantly associated with aggressive urothelial carcinoma phenotypes, supporting its utility as a prognostic biomarker in clinical decision-making.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):53-62]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.7

Keywords: p53, tumor suppressor gene, bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, cell cycle regulation, immunohistochemistry, muscle-invasive

  1. Dr. Tasmia Azim, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka. tasmia.azim@gmail.com  
  2. Professor Dr. Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinnah. Ex-director, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre (NILMRC), Dhaka. jinnah63@gmail.com
  3. Dr. Marufa Aktar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sher E Bangla Medical College, Barishal. marufaepu@gmail.com
  4. Dr. Nasim Ahmed, Junior Consultant,Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative and Intensive Care Medicine, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital. : dr.ahmednasim@gmail.com
  5. *Dr. Raisa Enayet Badhan, Medical Officer, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. raisabadhan@gmail.com

*For Correspondence

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jhc.2026.10.1.2

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Expression of Cyclin D1 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and its Association with Staging
Lubna NT,1 Jeba R,2 Rana MS,3 Khan RR,4 Islam MM,5 Kabir E,6 *Badhan RE7

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is a major global health concern, ranking as the 5th most common malignancy and the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 783,000 deaths reported in 2018 (GLOBOCAN). Over 70% of gastric cancer cases occur in developing countries. Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulatory protein, is implicated in various oncogenic processes, including tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Its overexpression has potential utility in predicting tumor behavior and guiding individualized therapy. This study aimed to assess the expression of cyclin D1 in histologically diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma and its association with tumor stage.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, from March 2019 to February 2022. Fifty-one cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma were evaluated. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 were performed. Clinical and demographic data were recorded, and statistical analysis was done to determine associations.
Results: The mean age of patients was 57.67±12.49 years, with a male predominance (M: F = 2.4:1). Cyclin D1 expression was positive in 33 cases (64.7%). Of these, 76.5% were in T3 stage and 93.8% in N3 stage. Cyclin D1 positivity was more frequent in advanced tumor and nodal stages.
Conclusion: Cyclin D1 expression was significantly associated with higher tumor and nodal stages in gastric adenocarcinoma. Its overexpression may serve as a prognostic biomarker and aid in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):4-16]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.2
Keywords: Cyclin D1, Gastric adenocarcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Tumor stage, Carcinoma progression

  1. Nur A Tasnim Lubna, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal. tasnim.sbmc@gmail.com
  2. Ruksana Jeba, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Ruksanajeba67@gmail.com
  3. Md. Samsul Arafin Rana, Registrar (Hepatology), Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal. rana.mmc44@gmail.com
  4. Rizwana Rahman Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka drizwanasbmc@gmail.com
  5. Mohammad Mazharul Islam, Lecturer, Department of Pathology Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, mazharscc21@gmail.com
  6. Evana Kabir, Specialist (Histopathology), Lab Medicine, United Hospital Limited Gulsan 2, Dhaka. evanakabir1990@gmail.com
  7. *Dr. Raisa Enayet Badhan, Medical officer, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. raisabadhan@gmail.com

*For correspondence

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jhc2025v9i1s2

Original Article

Association of E-cadherin Expression with Histopathological Grades and Clinical Stages of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

*Tayeb M,1Mimi SA,2 Kamal MS,3 Snigdha SS4

  1. *Dr. Mohammad Tayeb, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Jahurul Islam Medical College. tmohammad75@yahoo.com
  2. Professor Dr. Shamim Akhter Mimi, M. Phil (Pathology), Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
  3. Mohammad Shah Kamal, FCPS (ENT), Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinology & Head-Neck Surgery, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
  4. Shyla Sharmin Snigdha, MD (Pathology),Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, Zainul Haque Sikder Women’s Medical College.

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: E-cadherin gene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in different grades and clinical stages of LSCC and to determine the association of E-cadherin with clinical stages and histopathological grades.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, from March 2021 to January 2023. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 50 histopathologically diagnosed cases of LSCC using a commercially available anti-E-cadherin antibody. The total score of immunoreaction was calculated by multiplying the expression score and intensity score.
Results: The mean age of the LSCC patients was 62.8 years, and 66% were male. Grade I is the most frequent histopathological grade (48%), followed by grade II (42%) and grade III (10%). The most frequent clinical T stage was T3 (56%), and the N stage was N2 (58.06%). E-cadherin expression was positive in 72% of cases; the rest, 28%, showed reduced expression. A significant association was found between E-cadherin expression with histopathological grades (p=0.007) and clinical N stage (p=0.009) but not significant with clinical T stage (p=0.502), anatomic site (P=0.132), and the habit of smoking (0.276).

Conclusion: LSCC patients with reduced E-cadherin expression are at the risk of high-grade carcinoma and nodal metastasis. So, the expression of E-cadherin in pre-treatment biopsy samples can be utilized as one of the prognostic factors and advocated to anti-E-cadherin targeted therapy in LSCC.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2025 Jan; 9 (1):3-9]

Keywords: E-cadherin, Expression, Immunohistochemistry, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc2025v9i1s2