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jhc.2024.8.1.09

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Case Report

Swyer Syndrome with Gonadoblastoma: A Case Report

1. *Dr. Tasnim Binte Ahmed, Histopathologist, Department of Pathology, Mugda Medical College, Dhaka. ahmedtussy@gmail.com
2. Dr. Muhammad Enamul Haque, Senior Consultant, Department of Gynae & Obstetrics. Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. 3. Dr. Naila Huq, Professor & Head, Department of Pathology,Mugda Medical College, Dhaka.
*For correspondence

Abstract 
Background: Swyer syndrome is a condition of pure gonadal dysgenesis with 46, XY karyotype. These patients have female external phenotype and usually presented with primary amenorrhea. Detailed history, clinical, radiological and hormonal evaluation, karyotyping and histopathology are needed for diagnosis. Due to the presence of Y chromosomes these patients have streak gonads with increased risk of development of gonadoblastoma. Early diagnosis of Swyer syndrome followed by prophylactic gonadectomy is very important.
Case presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with the complaints of primary amenorrhea. The clinical, radiological, hormonal assessment and karyotyping test made the diagnosis of Swyer syndrome. The histopathological examination revealed left sided streak gonad and right sided gonadoblastoma.
Conclusion: Swyer syndrome is a rare form of disorders of sexual development. As there is high chance of gonadal malignancy, these patients should be counseled for preventive bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):65-68]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.09

Keywords: Swyer syndrome, Gonadal dysgenesis, Gonadoblastoma.

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jhc.2024.8.1.08

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Original Contribution

Evaluation of PD-L1 Immunoexpression  in Resected Samples of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Study on 64 Cases

1. *Dr. Israt Jahan, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Chandpur Medical College, Chandpur, Bangladesh; isratliza424@gmail.com
2. Dr. Bishnu Pada Dey, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, BSMMU, drbishnu@bsmmu.edu.bd
3. Dr. Md. Akhtaruzzaman, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh; akter22nd@gmail.com
4. Dr. Kassim Hagi Hussain, Senior lecturer, Department of pathology, Jazeera University Medical College, Somalia; doctorqaasim@gmail.com
5. Dr. Mahabub Alam, Assisstant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bashundhara Ad-din Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; mahabub.robin@gmail.com
6. Dr. Md Zillur Rahman, Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;drzillur@bsmmu.edu.bd

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and its incidence is rising steadily in developing nations. The patient prognosis for CRC remains poor, despite advances in surgery and treatment. Additionally, there are currently no reliable prognostic approaches for CRC, despite the use of conventional prognostic factors. Immune checkpoints blockades (ICB) have emerged as a promising treatment strategy and have dramatically improved long-term survival in several malignances. The “PD-1 (programmed cell death-1)”/PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) axis plays an important role to control immune suppression by down-regulating T effector cell activities enable tumor cells to escape from the host’s anti-tumor immune surveillance. Aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 (28-8 clone) in resected samples of colorectal cancer.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. A total 64 cases were selected from the patients who were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma from resected samples received in the department of pathology at BSMMU from July 2021 to June 2023. Immuno-histochemical staining for PD-L1 was performed along with appropriate positive control.
Results: In this study PD-L1 immuno-expression was found in 14 (21.9%) out of 64 cases. However, no expression was found in rest of the 50 (78.1%) cases.
Conclusion: Evaluation of expression of PD-L1 may emerge as a new marker and target for the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):56-64]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.08
Keywords: CRC, ICB, PD-1, PD-L1, IRS.

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jhc.2024.8.1.07

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Original Contribution

Cyclin D1 Expression in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on Small Biopsy Samples

1. *Dr. Abu Saeed Bin Hasem, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College. saeedbinhasem@gmail.com.
2. Professor (Dr.) Azizul Qadar Md. Abdul Hye, M. Phil (Pathology), Former-Head and Professor, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
3. Professor (Dr.) Shamim Akhter Mimi, M. Phil (Pathology), Head and Professor, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College.
4. Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Pabna Medical College, Pabna.
5. Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Resident Medical Officer, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207.
6. Dr. Umama-Tun-Nesa Emita, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna.
7. Dr. Sadia Afroz, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Medical Officer, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212.

* For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 oncogene plays a critical role in various malignancies by regulating the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to cisplatin-based conventional chemotherapy.

Objectives:To assess the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to determine the association of cyclin D1 expression with histopathological grades, age, gender, anatomic site, and the habit of using tobacco, betel quid and areca nut of OSCC patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the study period (from March, 2019 to April, 2020 and July, 2021 to April, 2022). A total of 52 small biopsy cases were processed; paraffin blocks were made and stained with routine H&E stain. The sections were examined microscopically and the tumors were graded histologically. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using a commercially available anti-cyclin D1 antibody. Cyclin D1 overexpression was considered when more than 10% of tumor cells displayed nuclear staining with moderate to strong intensity.
Results: Cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in 60% of cases of OSCC. The highest expression was seen in moderately differentiated followed by poorly differentiated and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with no statistically significant correlation. It did not correlate with age, gender, anatomic site, the habit of using tobacco, betel quid, and areca nut chewing.
Conclusion: In Bangladesh, 60% of cases of OSCC showed cyclin D1 overexpression which was quite similar to the findings of other countries. Further, alarge cohort study on resected samples can be done for overall survival and future targeted therapy against cyclin D1.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):49-55]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.07
Keywords: Cyclin D1, Expression, OSCC, Overexpression

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