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jhc.2024.8.1.06

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

January 2024 volume 8 issue 1

Original Contribution

Association between Histomorphological Types of Hydatidiform Mole and the Expression of Ki67 Immunohistochemical Marker as well as β-hCG Level Status

1. *Dr. Sonia Hossain, MD (Pathology), Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.
sondhisoniahossain69@gmail.com
2. Professor Roksana Jeba, Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.
3. Dr. Zubaida Bahroon Khan, MD (Pathology), Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College.

*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease which is sub-classified into complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Accurate subclassification of HM is very important as the development of choriocarcinoma and persistent trophoblastic diseases are more related to CHM than PHM. However, sometimes this subclassification is more challenging only based on histomorphological findings. Because there is considerable intraobserver and interobserver variability, histomorphological findings in conjunction with some complementary methods such as immunohistochemistry and biochemical markers could be helpful in the accurate interpretation of the HMs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Ki 67 immunostain along with the pretreatment β-hCG level and to identify their association with histomorphological types of hydatidiform mole.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College. The cases were classified into CHM and PHM based on histopathological features. Pretreatment β-hCG level noted and Ki 67 immunohistochemistry was done. The results of the cases were collected and tabulated. Statistical analysis was performed on the tabulated data using Fisher Exact test, Chi-square test and Unpaired t-test.
Results: Out of 50 cases, based on histopathological criteria, 27(54.0%) cases were CHM and 23(46.0%) were PHM. After evaluating Ki67 immunohistochemical staining, among CHM, 23(85.2%) cases showed Ki67 score-3 and 4(14.8%) cases score-2. Out of 23 PHM, 22 (95.7%) cases showed Ki -67 score-2 and 1(4.3%) case showed score-3. These were statistically significant. On the other hand, among the CHM 22 (81.5%) had β-hCG level ≥100000 mIU/ml and 5 (18.5%) had <100000 mIU/ml. Among PHM 2 (8.7%) had β-hCG ≥ 100000 mIU/ml and 91.3% had β-hCG<100000 mIU/ml. It was also statistically significant.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of HM can be improved by Ki67 labeling index and evaluation of pretreatment β-hCG level, which will help in differentiating CHM from PHM. The correct diagnosis is crucial for future treatment and follow-up of the patients.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):41-48]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.06
Keywords:  Hydatidiform mole, Complete hydatidifrom mole, Partial hydatidiform mole, β-hCG, Ki67 Immunomarker

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jhc.2024.8.1.05

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology
January 2024 Volume 8 issue 1

Original Contribution

Evaluation of Pediatric Common Solid Small Round Cell Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Study

1. Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Resident Medical Officer, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre (NILMRC), Dhaka-1207. shahrior.nahid@gmail.com
2. Processor (Dr.) Ferdousy Begum, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor and Ex-Chairman, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000.
3. Professor (Dr.) Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinnah, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Professor of Pathology, Director, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207.
4. Dr. Umama-Tun-Nesa Emita, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Pathologist, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna.
5. Dr Md. Mahabub Alam, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor (Current Charge), Bashundhara Ad-din Medical College, Dhaka.
6. Dr. Arbin Siddiquea, MBBS, MD (Biochemistry), Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka-1207.
7. Dr. Tasmina Anam, MBBS, MPhil (Immunology), Medical Officer, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000.
⃰ For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Pediatric small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are diagnostically challenging lesions due to their primitive character.  With the rising incidence and having better treatment outcome as compared to the past, the categorization of SRCTs into definitive histological types is extremely important as individual tumor differs therapeutically and has separate prognostic significance. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can play an important role here.
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnoses of pediatric SRCTs.
Results: In this study, various histomorphological types of pediatric SRCTs were identified in about 97% of cases with the aid of immunohistochemical stains. However, about 3% of cases remain unclassified even after immunohistochemical tests. The different morphological patterns were as follows; 24.4% rhabdomyosarcoma, 22.2% lymphoblastic lymphoma, 22.2% neuroblastoma, 22.2% soft tissue Ewing sarcoma, 4.44% Wilms Tumor, and 1.48% poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma.
Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry plays an important role as is evident from the present study and supported by many previous studies in categorizing undifferentiated or poorly differentiated small round cell tumors of childhood.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):31-40]

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.05
Keywords: Small round cell tumors (SRCTs), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

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jhc.2024.8.1.04

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

 January 2024 Volume 8 Issue 1

Original Contribution

Immunoexpression of WT1 in Astrocytoma and its Correlation with Histopathological Grade

1. *Dr. Evana Kabir, Specialist (Pathology), United Hospital Limited, Gulshan-2, Dhaka, Bangladesh; evana19901@gmail.com
2. Professor Dr. Md Rezaul Karim Dewan, Professor, Department of Pathology, Greenlife Medical College, Ex-Professor and head, Dhaka Medical College.
3. Dr. Rejwana Nahar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Mugda Medical college, Dhaka.
4. Dr. Sadia Afroz, Medical Officer, Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
5. Dr. Shamim Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Jahurul Islam Medical College, Bajitpur Bangladesh.
6. Dr. Tasmia Islam, Specialist (Pathology), Square Hospital Limited, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
7. Dr. Khondoker Rakibul Hoque, Senior House Officer, Department of Orthopaedics, United Hospital Limited, Gulshan, Dhaka.

*For correspondence.
Abstract
Background:  Astrocytoma comprises a group of neoplasms that differ in their location in the Central nervous system, morphologic features and invasive behavior. These are therapeutically challenging for their infiltrative growth pattern, occasionally resistant to conventional therapies and invariably high grade tumors have shown poor prognosis. Moreover biological behavior of astrocytoma and chance of recurrence cannot be ruled out by histopathological evaluation alone. So, new predictive marker for determining tumor progression is at stake.
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate WT1 expression in astrocytoma and its correlation with histological grade.
Methods:  The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC) from September 2019 to August 2021. Histologically diagnosed 51 cases of different grades of astrocytoma were included in this study. Immunostaining with WT1 protein was done in all cases. The data were collected and statistical analysis was done by SPSS.
Results: The mean age for grade I, II, III and IV astrocytoma’s are 14, 27.5, 38.6 and 44 years respectively. There were 30 male and 21 female patients with the ratio 1.42:1. Among 51 cases of astrocytoma’s Grade I, II ,III and IV are 10, 15, 8 and 18 in number. By Immunohistochemical study positive WT1 expression was seen in all cases of astrocytoma’s (100%). Out of 25 cases of low grade astrocytoma’s (WHO grade I and II), expression was found mild in 12 (48%) cases, moderate in 11 (54%) cases and marked only 02 (8%) cases. Regarding 26 cases of high grade astrocytoma’s (WHO grade III and IV) expression found mostly marked in 16 (61.5%) cases, moderate in 09 (34.7%) and mild only in 01 (3.8%) cases. These data shows WT1 expression increases with WHO tumor grades and significant positive (p<0.001) correlation between WT1 expression and tumor grade.
Conclusion: The study reveals positive correlation between WT1 expressions with WHO tumor grade in astrocytoma. Furthermore, evaluation of WT1 with histopathological grading may provide information about tumor progression as well as guide the clinicians for therapeutic purposes.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jan; 8 (1):19-30]

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i1.04
Keywords: Astrocytoma, tumor grade, WT1 expression, tumor progression, Glioblastoma

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