Category: Journal

Posted on

jhc.2024.v8.i2.3


Editorial
Original Contribution

Histomorphological Patterns of Lesions in Lymph Node Biopsies in a Tertiary Care Hospital

*Sarkar A,1 Khanam K,2 Afrin T3

  1. *Dr. Anindita Sarkar, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor (C.C), Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, abantica.16@gmail.com.
  2. Khadiza Khanam, MD (Pathology), Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi.
  3. Tanshina Afrin, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor (C.C), Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi.

* For Correspondence

Abstract
Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common presentations of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Detailed assessment is required to reveal an underlying pathology. Clinical features along with radiology images may not be sufficient for diagnosis of lymph node enlargement. Hence, lymph node biopsy has become a mandatory tool to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College over a period of one year from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 130 cases of lymph node biopsies were included in this study as the study subjects purposively. Specimen of tissue was fixed with 10% formalin and stained with haematoxyline and eosin stain, followed by histopathological examination. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.
Result: A total of 130 lymph node biopsies were studied with ages ranging from 13 to 72 years. Most of the cases (54%) belonged to 21-40 years. Female patients were 52% and male patients were 48%. Reactive hyperplasia was the commonest lesion accounting for 37% of cases (48 cases), followed by metastatic deposits showed in 36 cases (28%).Reactive hyperplasia was common in early age group while 69% of metastatic deposits were found in age group above 40 years. Duct cell carcinoma was the commonest metastatic carcinoma (42%) in this present study.
Conclusion: To establish the causes of lymphadenopathy, lymph node biopsy plays an important role. It is less expensive than other tests when investigating the cause of enlarged lymph nodes.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jul; 8 (2):84-90]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i2.3
Keywords: Lymphadenopathy, Biopsy, Histopathology, Lymph nodes.
Full Article

Posted on

jhc.2024.v8.i2.2


Editorial
Original Contribution

Histopathological Analysis of Retinoblastoma: Insights into Prognostic Factors and Chemotherapeutic Response

*Anjum R,1 Roy SR,2 Nasir TA3

1. *Dr. Rahat Anjum, Associate Consultant, Histopathology & Cytopathology, Apollo Imperial Hospitals, Zakir
Hossain Road,Chattogram. anjum.r.dr@gmail.com
2. Dr. Soma Rani Roy, Consultant, Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular oncology, Chittagong Eye Infirmary.
3. Professor. Dr. Tareak Al Nasir, Senior Consultant and Laboratory Director, Islami Bank CentralLaboratory,
Dhaka
*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma is a highly aggressive ocular malignancy that mainly impacts young children. It is essential to comprehend the histopathological characteristics of this tumour to determine the most effective treatment approaches. Furthermore, recognizing high-risk histopathological factors can help predict the prognosis and guide treatment decisions for patients with retinoblastoma.
Objective:To analyse the histopathological features in eyes with retinoblastoma primarily treated by enucleation and those treated with chemoreduction. The goal is to identify high-risk factors and improve treatment modalities, prognosis, and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Methods: 40 enucleated eyes registered from October 2021 to October 2023 had been studied. Histopathological findings were evaluated according to age, sexlaterality, choroid, sclera, optic nerve, subarachnoid space involvement, necrosis, and calcification, degree of differentiation, chemotherapeutic effect and tumor regression after chemotherapy and histoprognostic factors. Grading and staging were done according to 8th AJCC classification of eye tumor.
Results:Rosettes, necrosis, calcification were common histological findings in this study. High risk factor assessment was very crucial in staging and prognosis. Chemotherapy treated eyes showed varying degrees of response.

Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation guide further management to prevent metastasis.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2024 Jul; 8 (2):74-83]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i2.2

Keywords: Retinoblastoma, High risk factors, Choroidal invasion

Full Article

Posted on

jhc.2024.v8.i2.1


Editorial

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2024.v8.i2.1

 Reporting Renal Biopsies with Limited Resources

*Banu SG

Reporting renal biopsies needs multiple specialized techniques to aid histopathology. Though histopathology correlating clinical features can provisionally diagnose a number of renal parenchymal disorders, some of those diagnoses lack confirmation, while some others remain incomplete. In many developing countries like ours, renal biopsies are usually reported with history, clinical features, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) study. Although this practice can diagnose diseases like minimal change disease, infection associated glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy with variable confidence, many diagnoses need electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and molecular study for their confirmation. Concerns arise as some important medical approaches namely ‘treatment of disease’, ‘prediction of prognosis’ and ‘research’ are based on these diagnoses. Incomplete diagnosis can badly affect patient management and research authenticity.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) denotes a common renal disorder. But more importantly, it implies a histomorphological pattern seen in many renal biopsies having other disorders that are progressing to chronicity. While the latter disorders can be diagnosed with the help of DIF study (when they are immune-mediated), the true FSGS, which is basically a podocytopathy, needs electron microscopy to see the podocyte foot process effacement, podocyte loss and hypertrophy. Diseases with organoid deposits like amyloidosis, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin/light chain deposition disease and others need special stains, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for confirmation of their diagnosis. Molecular study is needed in many cases to detect genetic alterations. Newer ancillary techniques including image analysis and AI-based computational approach have already moved into the diagnostic panel of renal biopsies in the developed countries. In this modern era, with a huge load of kidney patients in our country, we are remaining satisfied with diagnosis of some common diseases using the oldest tools, as if less common diseases do not occur in our people. This attitude of ours should be changed. More pathologists should be trained in reporting renal biopsies, and they must have modern laboratory facilities to make proper diagnoses of the renal diseases. Bigger institutions should come forward with offers of logistic support.
*Dr. Sultana Gulshana Banu, Professor, Department of Pathology, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka. sgb.bsmmu@gmail.com