Category: Journal

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JHC 2023 July v7 i2 s6

Original Contribution
Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy to Detect Metastatic Spread in Axillary Nodes in Primary Breast Carcinoma

1.*Dr. SM. Basitur Roshid, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, BIRDEM, Dhaka,
dr.basitroshid@gmail.com
2. Professor Mohammed Kamal, Ex Chairman, Department of Pathology, BSMMU, Dhaka.
3. Dr. Mohammad Mahabubul Hoque, Assistant Professor of Pathology, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine
and Referral Centre, Agargaon, Dhaka. drshaikat331@gmail.com
4. Dr. Muhammad Ariful Haque, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, ICMH, Matuail, Dhaka
*For correspondence

Abstract
Objectives: Although sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is recommended approach in the evaluation
of metastatic status of lymph node in breast cancer management, the efficacy of this technique require
validation. In current study, results of patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy by using
only methylene blue dye were evaluated.
Methods: The study included 17 cases of primary ductal carcinoma with tumor size up to 5.0cm.
Patients who had previous breast or axilla surgery and radiation or chemotherapy for any breast lesion
were excluded from this study. During operation 3.0 ml of sterilized methylene blue dye were
injected in peritumoral area or around the lumpectomy cavity. The axillary sentinel lymph node was
removed and later on axillary dissection was done. Imprint cytology, frozen section and routine H&E
slides were made from sentinel lymph node.
Results: The sentinel lymph node was found in all cases. Among them, eight (47.1%) cases were
positive for SLN and axillary lymph node and nine (52.9%) cases were negative for both SLN and
axillary lymph node. No false negative result was observed and no complication was recorded due to
use of methylene blue dye.
Conclusion: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a safe and accurate method in staging the early breast
cancer. This method will reduce the unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection and other morbidity
associated with it

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2023 Jul; 7 (2):89-94]
Keywords: Breast cancer, Sentinel lymph node biopsy, Methylene blue dye

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JHC 2023 v7 i2 s5

Original Contribution

Morphological Patterns of Glomerular Diseases among Children Studied by
Light and Immunofluorescence Microscopy at Selected Tertiary Care Hospitals

1.*Dr. Muhammad Ariful Haque, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, ICMH, Matuail, Dhaka.
ariful31st@gmail.com
2. Dr. Habiba Akter, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College, Sirajganj.
3. Dr. SM Basitur Roshid, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, BIRDEM, Dhaka.
4. Dr. Md. Shariful Haque, Deputy Program Manager-4, Hospital Services Management, DGHS, Dhaka.
5. Dr. Khaleda Khanom, Associate Professor, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, ICMH, Matuail, Dhaka.
6. Dr. Shaikh Badiuzzaman, Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka.
7. Dr. Mohammad Mahabubul Hoque, OSD, DGHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka.
*For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Glomerular disorders constitute one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality
in children and adult population. Diagnosing the pattern of glomerular diseases is important as the
treatment and outcome differs in different types. This study was undertaken to find out the various
morphological patterns of glomerular diseases among children at selected tertiary care hospital in
Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from the period of September 2014 to June
2016. Renal biopsy samples of children with nephrotic syndrome and nephritic syndrome, children
having asymptomatic haematuria and isolated proteinuria and children presenting with acute and
chronic renal failure were included in this study. For routine histopathological examination, tissue
was preserved in 10% formalin. After completion of routine paraffin processing, hematoxylin and
eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining were done. For direct immunoflurescence
study, tissue was preserved in normal saline and processed according to standard protocol of
immunoflurescence study. Routine H&E and PAS stained sections of the renal biopsy samples
were examined for changes in glomeruli, tubules, interstitium and blood vessels. The site, pattern
and degree of antibody deposition in the renal tissue were observed by immunoflurescence study.
Final diagnosis was made by correlation of histopathological, immunofluorescence and clinical
findings.
Results: Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) was the most common primary
glomerular disease diagnosed in patients followed by minimal change disease, IgA nephropathy,
membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Lupus nephritis was
the most common secondary glomerular disease diagnosed in patients.
Conclusion: The reported prevalence of different morphological patterns of glomerular diseases
among children in Bangladesh seems to be no definite pattern. In fact, the patterns vary according
to the geographical area, environment and racial background.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2023 Jul; 7 (2):80-88]
Keywords: Glomerular diseases among children, Light and immunoflurescence microscopy, Tertiary care hospitals.

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JHC 2023 July v7 i2 s4

Original Contribution

Evaluation of Cyclin D1 Expression in Paediatric Common Solid Small
Round Cell Tumours

1.Dr. Md. Shahrior Nahid, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Medical Officer, Department of Pathology, National
Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre (NILMRC), Dhaka-1207. shahrior.nahid@gmail.com
2. Prof. (Dr.) Ferdousy Begum, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000.
3. Prof. (Dr.) Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinnah, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Professor, Department of Pathology,
National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207.
4. Dr. Saumitra Chakravarty, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka-1000.
5. Dr. Arbin Siddiquea, MBBS, MD(Biochemistry), Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed
Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka-1207.
6. Dr. Abu Saeed Bin Hasem, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG
Osmani Medical College.
7. Dr. Md. Shajjad Hossain, MBBS, MD(Pathology), Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Dental
College, Dhaka.⃰
For correspondence

Abstract
Background: Small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs) in children are a heterogeneous group of
neoplasms. Their diagnosis is very difficult due to their primitive character. Although the advent
of immunohistochemistry has improved the quality of diagnosis, some cases require molecular
analysis. However, the application of molecular tests is limited due to the lack of resources.
Nuclear expression of Cyclin D1 can be used as a diagnostic adjunct to conventional markers in
diagnosing small round cell tumors, especially when the diagnosis becomes difficult even
following the application of conventional markers.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity of Cyclin D1 in the common solid
small round blue cell tumors found in children below 15 years of age.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 64 confirmed (immunohistochemically and/or
morphologically) cases of SRBCTs including, Ewing sarcoma (31.25%), neuroblastoma (23.44%),
lymphoblastic lymphoma (21.87%), rhabdomyosarcoma (15.62%) and Wilms tumor (7.81%) in
children under 15 years were selected as samples by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the
immunoreactivity of Cyclin D1 in each case was assessed on the basis of staining pattern and
staining intensity.
Result: All cases of Ewing sarcoma and neuroblastoma exhibited nuclear expression for cyclin
D1. Seventy percent (14/20) of cases of Ewing sarcoma and 66.67% (10/15) of neuroblastoma
cases showed diffuse nuclear expression. Seventy percent (14/20) of cases of Ewing sarcoma and
93.33% (14/15) of neuroblastoma cases showed strong staining intensity (3+). In contrast, this
marker showed a negative reaction in rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma, while it
was focally positive with moderate intensity in the blastemal component of 40% of cases of Wilms
tumor.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that cyclin D1 can be exploitable as a diagnostic adjunct
to conventional markers in confirming the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma or Neuroblastoma.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2023 Jul; 7 (2):69-79]
Keywords: Small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs), Cyclin D1

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