Category: Journal

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jhc.2026.10.1.7

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Expression of p53 in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: Correlation with Tumor Grade and Muscle Invasion
Azim T,1 Jinnah MS,2 Aktar M,3 Ahmed M,4 *Badhan RE5

Abstract
Background: The p53 gene, a well-known tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17p13.1, plays a pivotal role in regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mutations or overexpression of p53 have been linked to tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma.
Aim: To evaluate p53 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and determine its relationship with histopathological grade and muscle invasion.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College between March 2020 and February 2022. Forty histopathologically diagnosed urothelial carcinoma cases from TURBT or cystectomy specimens were included. p53 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor grade and the presence of muscle invasion.
Results: The mean age was 60.85 ± 11.18 years (range 40–85), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.4:1. p53 was positive in 65% of all cases and in 92.3% of high-grade tumors, while most low-grade tumors were negative. Among high-grade, muscle-invasive cases, p53 positivity was observed in 93.3% of cases. The correlation between p53 overexpression and both tumor grade and muscle invasion was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: p53 expression is significantly associated with aggressive urothelial carcinoma phenotypes, supporting its utility as a prognostic biomarker in clinical decision-making.
[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):53-62]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.7

Keywords: p53, tumor suppressor gene, bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, cell cycle regulation, immunohistochemistry, muscle-invasive

  1. Dr. Tasmia Azim, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka. tasmia.azim@gmail.com  
  2. Professor Dr. Mohammed Shahed Ali Jinnah. Ex-director, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre (NILMRC), Dhaka. jinnah63@gmail.com
  3. Dr. Marufa Aktar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sher E Bangla Medical College, Barishal. marufaepu@gmail.com
  4. Dr. Nasim Ahmed, Junior Consultant,Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative and Intensive Care Medicine, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital. : dr.ahmednasim@gmail.com
  5. *Dr. Raisa Enayet Badhan, Medical Officer, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. raisabadhan@gmail.com

*For Correspondence

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jhc.2026.10.1.8

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Histopathologic Findings of Breast Lesions and It’s Association with Corresponding Radiologic Findings.

*Datta T,1 Asaduzzaman,2 Ray TK,3 Hoque MM4

Abstract
Background: Invasive breast carcinoma is one of the most common carcinoma in women. Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification besides histopathology has become an important tool for evaluation of malignant breast diseases. The purpose of this study is to assess the similarity between radiological and histopathological findings and illustrate the predictive value in the BI-RADS category.
Methods: This is a retrospective study, done at National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka from January 2023 to December 2023, included those patients who had radiological examination with BI-RADS categories 3, 4 and 5 followed by histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis based on breast core biopsy and excision specimen within 1 year. The clinico-radiologic features were correlated with the histopathologic results using the chi- square test. The scoring system was designed based on the significant predictive features of malignancy, and its diagnostic performance was compared with that of the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category.
Result: Among 111 cases, by histopathological diagnosis, malignancy was found in 54 cases (48.6%) and benign was found in 57 cases (51.4%). BI-RADS scoring category 3,4 and 5 cases were 51(45.9%), 26(23.4%) and 34(30.6%) respectively. P-value from Chi-square test shows strong association of malignancy with age ≥50, post-menopause and higher BI-RADS categories like 4 and 5. Overall, the breast lesions evaluated by BI-RADS classification have a sensitivity of 94.48%, specificity of 43.14%, a PPV of 63.9% and a NPV of 88%.
Conclusion: A strong association was found between BI-RADS score 4,5 and histopathologically diagnosed malignant lesion.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):63-70]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.8

Keywords: Breast Lesion, BI-RADS, Histopathology, Association.

  1. *Dr. Tanusree Datta, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Assistant Professor, Pathology Department, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. tanusreebsmmu89@gmail.com.
  2. Dr. Asaduzzaman, MBBS, MD (Pathology), Associate Professor, Pathology Department, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka.
  3. Dr. Major Tapan Kumar Ray, MBBS, FCPS Trainee Officer, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka.
  4. Dr. Mohammad Mahabubul Hoque, MBBS, MD (Pathology), M. Med, Associate Professor, Pathology Department, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Centre, Dhaka.

*For correspondence
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jhc.2026.10.1.3

Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology

Official Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Pathology

Vol 10, No 1, January 2026

Histomorphological Alterations of the Human Heart: An Autopsy-Based Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

Aktar M,1 Jeba R,2 Khatun J,3 Lubna NT,4 Nahar R,5 Ara J,6 *Badhan RE7

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease, the coronary heart disease, is the main cause of death in industrialized countries and is rising at an alarming rate in much of developing countries. Autopsy is an important complementary tool for identifying and understanding cardiac diseases, and it gives a conclusive opinion on the involved cardiac pathology. Therefore, this study was aimed at observing various histomorphological changes in autopsy specimens of the heart.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from March 2020 to February 2022. A total of 150 hearts from autopsy specimens were included in this study. The hearts were examined grossly and microscopically, and findings were recorded in a predesigned data sheet. Statistical analysis was carried out as required.
Results: Analysis revealed that, out of the total 150 cases, more than half of the cases, 94 (62.7%), had cardiovascular changes, while the remaining 56 (37.3%) cases showed no significant changes. Among the pathological findings, more than half the cases (55.3%) had coronary atherosclerosis, followed by aortic atherosclerosis in 19.3% of cases, myocardial infarction (MI) in 18.7% of cases, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 15.3% of cases, and cardiac mural thrombus in 2% of cases. Only 1 (0.7%) case of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis and only 1 (0.7%) case of tuberculous pericarditis were also found in this study, unlike other studies done in this subcontinent.
Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of the autopsied heart in medicolegal cases is essential to find out the pathological changes and cause of death as well. In this histomorphological study, the most common pathological finding was coronary atherosclerosis and which is the major underlying cause of ischemic heart diseases.  Histopathological studies provide accurate knowledge for a better understanding of human cardiovascular diseases. With better insight into pathophysiology, proper interventions could be introduced to improve care and future outcomes for patients undergoing cardiovascular diseases.

[Journal of Histopathology and Cytopathology, 2026 Jan; 10 (1):17-26]
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.69950/jhc.2026.10.1.3
Keywords: Histomorphology, Human heart, Autopsy-based study, Cardiac pathology, Myocardial changes

  1. Dr. Marufa Aktar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal marufaepu@gmail.com
  2. Professor Dr. Ruksana Jeba, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. ruksanajeba67@gmail.com
  3. Dr. Julekha Khatun, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka.
  4. Dr. Nur A Tasnim Lubna, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal
  5. Dr. Rejwana Nahar, Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, OSD, DGHS, Attached: Mugda Medical College, Dhaka.
  6. Dr. Jannat Ara, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal.
  7. *Dr. Raisa Enayet Badhan, Medical Officer, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka. Email: raisabadhan@gmail.com

*For correspondence

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